Encoding and decoding URL strings.
URL encoding converts special characters (spaces, non-Latin characters, punctuation) into a format safe for transmission in URLs and query parameters.
URL encoding only replaces characters invalid in URLs, while Base64 completely re-encodes data into a different alphabet.
When forming query parameters with non-Latin characters or special symbols, such as in search queries or redirect links.
No, encoding happens locally in the browser via standard JavaScript API.